Cusco Main Square: History, Things to Do and How to Get There from the Airport

When you think of Cusco, one of the most emblematic places is the Plaza de Armas or Cusco Main Square. This is the historical and cultural heart of the city, where past and present meet to offer visitors an unforgettable experience. Did you know that this square has witnessed important historical moments and is home to some of the city’s most iconic buildings? Read on to discover everything you need to know about this fascinating place.

History of Cusco Main Square

Cusco’s Main Square has a rich and deep history that dates back to Inca times. During the Inca Empire, this was a swamp until the Inca Sinchi Roca, the son of Manco Capac scrapped this swamp and erected in this a cultural, religious and administrative center of the empire, but these works were concluded with the Inca Pachacutec.

The square was known as Huacaypata (The most important site) and / or Aucaypata (Place of the warrior) and was a sacred space where important ceremonies were held, such as the Inti Raymi (feast of the Sun), in honor of the Sun God. In the Plaza de Armas, bartering was also carried out, which are exchanges of products.

With the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century, the plaza was transformed. The Inca constructions were destroyed or reused for the construction of churches and colonial mansions.

As an example, before the arrival of the Spaniards, the Plaza de Armas was divided into 2 squares of about 250 meters long and 120 meters wide, but after them the square became 4 squares: the Plaza Regocijo, Plaza San Francisco, Plazoleta Espinar and the Plaza de Armas of Cusco (the current square). Since then, the square has been the epicenter of Cusco’s social, political and religious life.

One of the most tragic events that occurred in the Plaza de Armas was the execution of Tupac Amaru II in 1781, leader of a great indigenous rebellion against Spanish rule. Today, this figure has become a mythical figure, a hero of the struggle for independence.

This fact marked the history of Peru and reinforced the importance of the square as a place of resistance and memory.

Historic Buildings in the Main Square

Cusco Main Square is surrounded by impressive colonial buildings that tell the story of the fusion between the Inca and Spanish cultures. Some of the most outstanding are:

1. The Cathedral of Cusco

Built over the ancient Inca palace of Wiracocha, the Cathedral is one of the main architectural jewels of Cusco. Inside, it houses an impressive collection of colonial art and a silver altarpiece that dazzles all visitors.

2. Church of the Society of Jesus

This is another of the most important religious buildings. It was built by the Jesuits in the 16th century over what was once the palace of Huayna Capac, an important Inca emperor. Its baroque façade and interior are true masterpieces of colonial art.

3. Triumph Chapel

The Triumph Chapel is one of the oldest religious temples in Cusco. Built in 1539, it was the first cathedral of the city. It was erected next to the current cathedral on the foundations of the Suntur Wasi, an Inca building. The chapel stands out for its colonial style and its historical importance, since the victory of the Spaniards over the Incas in the rebellion of Manco Inca was celebrated here. Its interior houses valuable paintings and religious objects that reflect the fusion of cultures of the time.

4. Water Fountain

The Pileta de Agua is one of the most emblematic monuments of the Plaza de Armas in Cusco. It was donated by New York by Janes, Kirtland & Co and designed by the Frenchman JP Victor Andre, two of these were made, one stayed there so if you visit the central park of the city of New York you will find the twin of the pool of water that is in Cusco.

It was inaugurated in the 19th century in 1870, although its original design was simpler, today it has an elegant iron structure with a bronze statue on top. The figure represents an Inca, paying homage to Cusco’s cultural heritage. The fountain is a landmark and a meeting place, surrounded by the vibrant daily life of the plaza.

What to do in the Main Square?

Cusco Main Square is a lively place where there is always something to do or discover. Here are some ideas to make the most of your visit:

1. Enjoy a stroll around the square: Walking around the square will allow you to appreciate the beauty of its gardens, fountains and the mix of colonial and Inca architecture. It is an excellent starting point to explore the city.
2. Visit Cafes and Restaurants: Around the square you will find numerous cafes and restaurants offering local and international food. You can enjoy a delicious Andean coffee while observing the daily life of Cusco.
3. Events and Festivities: The Plaza de Armas is the scene of important festivities such as Inti Raymi, Holy Week, Peru’s Independence Day and more. These events usually include parades, dances and cultural performances that will allow you to learn more about the rich tradition of Cusco. If you want to know all the festivities in Cusco click here.
4. Go nightlife: If you are young and are looking for nightlife, the area around the main square such as Suiza street is ideal for you, where you can find nightclubs, bars and discos.
5. Visit the instagrammable places and museums of Cusco: Very close to the main square there are several museums that you can visit just walking. For example, the stone of 12 angles, the Inca museum, Natural history museum, pre-Columbian art museum, folk art museum or the instagrammable places of Cusco as the 7 borreguitos street, colonial aqueduct and others.
6. Buy souvenirs and handicrafts: The Plaza de Armas is surrounded by stores where you can buy souvenirs and handicrafts at different prices for your family and friends. As a recommendation you should bargain the prices, but not to the extreme.
7. Visit a tourist agency: If you have not yet planned which Cusco tourist attractions to visit, you can visit the nearby tourist agencies and ask for some information.

How to get to the Main Square from the Airport?

Getting to Cusco Main Square from the Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport is quite easy. Here are some options:

1. Taxi

The fastest and most comfortable way is to take a cab. The ride takes approximately 20 minutes, depending on traffic. Be sure to negotiate the price before getting in or choose official cabs that usually have fixed rates of an average of 10 to 15 soles. As a recommendation, take your cab outside the airport.

2. Public Transportation

Another option is to use public transportation. Although cheaper, it can be a little slower and complicated for those who are not familiar with the city. You can ask the ticket collectors if they pass by the Plaza de Armas so you don’t get lost and the cost of the ticket is 1 sol.

The bus lines that leave you very close to the Plaza de Armas are Imperial, Correcaminos, c4M and Liebre.

3. Private Transfers

If you are staying at a hotel like the Cusco Lodge Hotel Boutique, many of these establishments offer private shuttle service for their guests. It is a very comfortable and safe option, especially if you arrive with a lot of luggage.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are the parties and festivities that take place in the main square free of charge?

Yes, these cultural festivities are free and open to the public where you can participate in the customs of Cusco.

How much does it cost to enter the Plaza de Armas?

It is free, has no value and is open 24 hours for the public. But some of its buildings, such as the church of the company, do charge an entrance fee.

Are there any restrictions to take pictures?

No, in most places you are allowed to take pictures, only in the cathedral it is not allowed, so you can ask the person in charge if you are allowed. The only restriction is to record with a drone to do so you must get a permit from the authorities, so recording simple videos is also allowed.

Can I interact with locals?

Yes, normally the locals are very friendly, some speak English, but most speak Spanish so learning some basic phrases is a good idea.

Is there a dress code for visiting religious sites in Cusco?

No, just try to wear more modest clothing and not too revealing.

Does the main square have free wifi?

No, you can bring your own wifi or go to a cafe or restaurant as they offer free wifi for the service or consumption.

How many minutes away is the Cusco Lodge Hotel Boutique from the main square?

Just 5 minutes, the hotel is strategically close so you can enjoy the benefits of staying near the Plaza de Armas.

Cusco Main Square is the nerve center of Cusco and a must-see during your stay in the city. Its rich history, impressive architecture and vibrant daily life make it a must-see destination. Whether you want to explore its historical monuments, enjoy its gastronomy or simply relax in its gardens, the Main Square will always surprise you, so don’t forget to add it to your itinerary when you visit Cusco!